EARTH 2

If this card is destroyed by a card effect and sent to the Graveyard: Special Summon 1 Level 4 or lower Dinosaur-Type monster from your Deck.

EARTH 7

If your opponent controls more monsters than you do, you can Special Summon this card (from your hand). You can only Special Summon "Dinowrestler Pankratops" once per turn this way. (Quick Effect): You can Tribute 1 "Dinowrestler" monster, then target 1 card your opponent controls; destroy it. You can only use this effect of "Dinowrestler Pankratops" once per turn.

FIRE 8

You can Special Summon this card (from your hand) to your opponent's field in Attack Position, by Tributing 1 monster they control. If your opponent controls a "Kaiju" monster, you can Special Summon this card (from your hand) in Attack Position. You can only control 1 "Kaiju" monster. Once per turn: You can remove 3 Kaiju Counters from anywhere on the field; destroy all monsters your opponent controls. This card cannot attack the turn this effect is activated.

WIND 1

If a card(s) is added from the Main Deck to your opponent's hand, except during the Draw Phase (Quick Effect): You can send this card from your hand to the GY; for the rest of this turn, cards cannot be added from either player's Main Deck to the hand.

FIRE 4

During your Main Phase: You can destroy 1 card you control, and if you do, send 1 Dinosaur monster from your Deck to the GY, then you can Special Summon "Jurrac" monster(s) from your hand and/or Deck, except "Jurrac Stego", whose total Levels equal the sent monster's Level, ignoring their Summoning conditions, also for the rest of this turn, you cannot Special Summon, except Dinosaur monsters. You can only use this effect of "Jurrac Stego" once per turn. When this card is destroyed by battle: You can return 1 face-up card on the field to the hand.

FIRE 4

During either player's Main Phase: You can send this card from your hand to the Graveyard; during this Main Phase, Dinosaur-Type monsters you control are unaffected by your opponent's activated effects. You can banish any number of Dinosaur-Type monsters from your Graveyard, including this card; Special Summon 1 Dinosaur-Type monster from your Deck with a Level equal to the total number of monsters banished to activate this effect, but destroy it during the End Phase. You can only use this effect of "Miscellaneousaurus" once per turn.

DARK 7

Cannot be Normal Summoned/Set. Must be Special Summoned (from your hand) by shuffling 5 of your banished Dinosaur monsters into the Main Deck. Once per turn, when your opponent activates a Spell/Trap Card (Quick Effect): You can destroy 1 Dinosaur monster in your hand or face-up on your field, and if you do, negate the activation, and if you do that, destroy that card. If this card is sent to the GY by a card effect: You can add 1 "Evolution Pill" Spell from your Deck to your hand. You can only use this effect of "Overtex Qoatlus" once per turn.

EARTH 2

If this card is destroyed by a card effect and sent to the Graveyard: Special Summon 1 Level 4 or higher Dinosaur-Type monster from your Deck, but it cannot attack this turn.

DARK 4

If this card is Normal or Special Summoned: You can take 1 Dinosaur-Type monster from your Deck, and either add it to your hand or send it to the Graveyard. You can target 1 other Level 4 or lower Dinosaur-Type monster on the field; destroy it, then Special Summon 1 Dinosaur-Type monster from your Graveyard in Defense Position. You can only use each effect of "Souleating Oviraptor" once per turn.

LIGHT 10

Cannot be Normal Summoned/Set. Must first be Special Summoned (from your hand) by banishing 2 Dinosaur-Type monsters from your Graveyard. Once per turn, during either player's Main Phase: You can destroy 1 monster in your hand or field, and if you do, change all face-up monsters your opponent controls to face-down Defense Position. This card can attack all monsters your opponent controls, once each. At the start of the Damage Step, if this card attacks a Defense Position monster: You can inflict 1000 damage to your opponent, and if you do, send that Defense Position monster to the Graveyard.

FIRE 3

When a card or effect is activated that includes any of these effects (Quick Effect): You can discard this card; negate that effect. ● Add a card from the Deck to the hand. ● Special Summon from the Deck. ● Send a card from the Deck to the GY. You can only use this effect of "Ash Blossom & Joyous Spring" once per turn.

LIGHT 1

During your opponent's Main Phase (Quick Effect): You can send this card from your hand to the GY, then target 1 Effect Monster your opponent controls; negate the effects of that face-up monster your opponent controls, until the end of this turn.

FIRE 1

You can Tribute this card to select 1 Level 4 or lower "Jurrac" monster in your Graveyard, except "Jurrac Aeolo". Special Summon that monster from the Graveyard.

FIRE 1

If you control a Dinosaur monster: You can Special Summon this card from your hand. During your Main Phase: You can discard 2 cards, including a "Jurrac" card, then draw 2 cards. If this card is destroyed by battle or card effect: You can send 1 "Jurrac" monster from your Deck/Extra Deck to the GY, except "Jurrac Megalo". You can only use each effect of "Jurrac Megalo" once per turn.

FIRE 6

If a card(s) is destroyed by battle or card effect: You can Special Summon this card from your hand. During your Main Phase: You can destroy 1 Dinosaur monster in your hand or field, then Special Summon 1 Dinosaur Normal Monster from your hand or Deck, also you cannot Special Summon monsters from the Extra Deck for the rest of this turn, except Dragon, Dinosaur, Sea Serpent, or Wyrm monsters. You can only use each effect of "Xeno Meteorus" once per turn.

Spell Quick

Target 1 monster in your opponent's GY; banish it, and if you do, until the end of the next turn, its effects are negated, as well as the activated effects and effects on the field of monsters with the same original name.

Spell Quick

Declare 1 card name; banish 1 of that declared card from your Main Deck, and if you do, negate its effects, as well as the activated effects and effects on the field of cards with the same original name, until the end of this turn. You can only activate 1 "Crossout Designator" per turn.

Spell Normal

Add 1 Level 6 or lower Dinosaur monster from your Deck to your hand.

Spell Normal

Add 1 Dinosaur Tuner or Dinosaur Normal Monster from your Deck to your hand, then destroy 1 card in your hand. You can banish this card from your GY; Fusion Summon 1 Dinosaur Fusion Monster from your Extra Deck, using monsters from your hand or field as material. You can only use each effect of "Ground Xeno" once per turn.

Spell Field

During your Main Phase: You can destroy 1 Dinosaur monster you control, and if you do, Special Summon 1 "Jurrac" monster from your Deck. If your opponent Special Summons a monster(s) and they have activated 4 or more monster effects this turn (except during the Damage Step): You can Special Summon 1 "Jurrac Meteor" from your Extra Deck (this is treated as a Synchro Summon). If a "Jurrac" monster(s) you control would be destroyed by card effect, you can banish 1 Dinosaur monster from your GY instead. You can only use each effect of "Jurrac Volcano" once per turn.

Spell Normal

If your opponent has activated a monster effect during your Main Phase this turn: Activate 1 of these effects; ● Draw 2 cards. ● Take control of 1 monster your opponent controls until the End Phase. ● Look at your opponent's hand, and choose 1 card from it to shuffle into the Deck. You can only activate 1 "Triple Tactics Talent" per turn.

Trap Normal

Target 1 face-up monster your opponent controls; negate its effects (until the end of this turn), then, if this card was Set before activation and is on the field at resolution, for the rest of this turn all other Spell/Trap effects in this column are negated. If you control no cards, you can activate this card from your hand.

Trap Normal

If you control a Dinosaur-Type monster with 2500 or more ATK: Destroy all cards on the field.

FIRE

2 monsters, including a FIRE monster (This card is always treated as a "Familiar-Possessed" card.) You can target 1 FIRE monster in your opponent's GY; Special Summon it to your zone this card points to. If this Link Summoned card is destroyed by battle, or is destroyed by an opponent's card effect while in its owner's Monster Zone: You can add 1 FIRE monster with 1500 or less DEF from your Deck to your hand. You can only use each effect of "Hiita the Fire Charmer, Ablaze" once per turn.

FIRE

2+ Effect Monsters You cannot Special Summon monsters, except FIRE monsters. You can only use each of the following effects of "Promethean Princess, Bestower of Flames" once per turn. During your Main Phase: You can Special Summon 1 FIRE monster from your GY. If a monster(s) is Special Summoned to your opponent's field, while this card is in your GY (except during the Damage Step): You can target 1 FIRE monster you control and 1 monster your opponent controls; destroy them, and if you do, Special Summon this card.

FIRE

2+ FIRE Effect Monsters If this card is Link Summoned using "Salamangreat Raging Phoenix" as material: You can add 1 "Salamangreat" card from your Deck to your hand. If a face-up FIRE monster(s) you control is destroyed by battle or card effect while this card is in your GY: You can target 1 of those monsters; Special Summon this card, and if you do, this card gains ATK equal to that monster's ATK. You can only use each effect of "Salamangreat Raging Phoenix" once per turn.

WATER

1+ Effect Monsters You can only control 1 "Worldsea Dragon Zealantis". You can only use each of the following effects of "Worldsea Dragon Zealantis" once per turn. During your Main Phase: You can banish all monsters on the field, then Special Summon as many monsters as possible that were banished by this effect, to their owners' fields, face-up, or in face-down Defense Position. During the Battle Phase (Quick Effect): You can destroy cards on the field up to the number of co-linked monsters on the field.

FIRE 10

1 Tuner + 1+ non-Tuner Dinosaur monsters If this card is Synchro Summoned: You can Set 1 "Jurrac" Spell/Trap from your Deck or GY. Once per turn, when your opponent would Special Summon a monster(s) (Quick Effect): You can banish 2 Dinosaur monsters from your GY; negate the Summon, and if you do, destroy that monster(s). During your opponent's turn (Quick Effect): You can banish 2 "Jurrac" monsters from your GY, including this card; Special Summon 1 "Jurrac Meteor" from your Extra Deck (this is treated as a Synchro Summon).

FIRE 10

1 "Jurrac" Tuner + 2 or more non-Tuner Dinosaur-Type monsters When this card is Synchro Summoned, destroy all cards on the field. Then, you can Special Summon 1 Tuner monster from your Graveyard.

FIRE 5

1 Tuner + 1 or more non-Tuner Dinosaur-Type monsters This card's ATK and DEF are equal to the total original ATK of the Synchro Material Monsters used for its Synchro Summon. If this card attacks a face-down Defense Position monster, you can destroy the monster immediately with this card's effect without flipping it face-up or applying damage calculation.

WATER 10

1 Tuner + 1+ non-Tuner monsters For each banished card, this card gains 100 ATK/DEF and monsters your opponent controls lose 100 ATK/DEF. If this card would be destroyed by card effect, you can banish 1 card from your GY instead. If a card(s) is banished (except during the Damage Step): You can banish 1 card each from both your opponent's field and GY. You can only use this effect of "Swordsoul Supreme Sovereign - Chengying" once per turn.

FIRE 6

1 Tuner + 1+ non-Tuner monsters During the Main or Battle Phase, you can (Quick Effect): Immediately after this effect resolves, Synchro Summon 1 Dinosaur monster using this card you control. When a monster declares an attack: You can Special Summon 1 Dinosaur monster from your hand, ignoring its Summoning conditions, also you cannot Special Summon for the rest of this turn, except Dinosaur monsters. You can only use each effect of "Burial Bicorn Carnovorus" once per turn.

FIRE

2 Level 4 Dinosaur-Type monsters During either player's turn, when a monster effect activates: You can detach 1 Xyz Material from this card; negate the activation, and if you do, destroy that monster.

FIRE

2 Level 4 monsters When your Dinosaur monster destroys an opponent's monster by battle and sends it to the GY: You can detach 1 material from this card; inflict 1000 damage to your opponent, then this card gains 1000 ATK. If this Xyz Summoned card is destroyed: You can target 1 card on the field; destroy it, and if you do, inflict 1000 damage to your opponent. You can only use this effect of "Grenosaurus Giga-Cannon" once per turn.

FIRE

2 Level 4 monsters You can detach 2 materials from this card, then activate 1 of the following effects; ● Skip your next Draw Phase, also draw 2 cards, then discard 1 card. ● Skip your next Main Phase 1, also Special Summon 1 monster from your GY in Defense Position. ● Skip the Battle Phase of your next turn, also double the ATK of 1 monster you control until the end of this turn. You can only use this effect of "Number 60: Dugares the Timeless" once per turn.

EARTH 7

If your opponent controls more monsters than you do, you can Special Summon this card (from your hand). You can only Special Summon "Dinowrestler Pankratops" once per turn this way. (Quick Effect): You can Tribute 1 "Dinowrestler" monster, then target 1 card your opponent controls; destroy it. You can only use this effect of "Dinowrestler Pankratops" once per turn.

WIND 1

If a card(s) is added from the Main Deck to your opponent's hand, except during the Draw Phase (Quick Effect): You can send this card from your hand to the GY; for the rest of this turn, cards cannot be added from either player's Main Deck to the hand.

EARTH 1

This Defense Position card cannot be destroyed by battle. You can only use each of the following effects of "Gouki Guts" once per turn. ● During your Main Phase: You can make all "Gouki" monsters you control gain 200 ATK. ● If this card is sent from the field to the GY: You can add 1 "Gouki" card from your Deck to your hand, except "Gouki Guts".

EARTH 2

If this card is in your hand: You can send 1 other "Gouki" monster from your hand to the GY, then target 1 "Gouki" monster you control; Special Summon this card in Defense Position, and if you do, the targeted monster gains 800 ATK until the end of this turn. If this card is sent from the field to the GY: You can add 1 "Gouki" card from your Deck to your hand, except "Gouki Headbatt". You can only use each effect of "Gouki Headbatt" once per turn.

EARTH 2

During the Damage Step, when your "Gouki" monster battles an opponent's monster (Quick Effect): You can send this card from your hand to the GY; until the end of this turn, your monster gains 500 ATK, and if it does, it is unaffected by your opponent's card effects. If this card is sent from the field to the GY: You can add 1 "Gouki" card from your Deck to your hand, except "Gouki Iron Claw". You can only use each effect of "Gouki Iron Claw" once per turn.

EARTH 6

You can reveal this card in your hand, then target 1 "Gouki" monster you control, except "Gouki Moonsault"; Special Summon this card from your hand, and if you do, return that monster to the hand. You can target 1 "Gouki" Link Monster in your GY; return it to the Extra Deck, then you can add 1 "Gouki" monster from your GY to your hand. You can only use each effect of "Gouki Moonsault" once per turn.

EARTH 1

If your opponent's monster attacks, during damage calculation (Quick Effect): You can discard this card; the damage you take from that battle is halved. When your opponent activates an effect that would inflict damage to you (even during the Damage Step) (Quick Effect): You can discard this card; the damage you take from that effect is halved. If this card is sent from the field to the GY: You can add 1 "Gouki" card from your Deck to your hand, except "Gouki Octostretch". You can only use this effect of "Gouki Octostretch" once per turn.

EARTH 5

If you control no monsters, or all monsters you control are "Gouki" monsters, you can Normal Summon this card without Tributing. If this card is sent from the field to the GY: You can add 1 "Gouki" card from your Deck to your hand, except "Gouki Riscorpio". You can only use this effect of "Gouki Riscorpio" once per turn.

EARTH 4

When this card is Normal Summoned: You can Special Summon 1 "Gouki" monster from your hand. If this card is sent from the field to the GY: You can add 1 "Gouki" card from your Deck to your hand, except "Gouki Suprex". You can only use this effect of "Gouki Suprex" once per turn.

EARTH 3

(Quick Effect): You can Tribute 1 "Gouki" monster, then target 1 "Gouki" monster you control; it gains ATK equal to the original ATK of the Tributed monster until the end of this turn. If this card is sent from the field to the GY: You can add 1 "Gouki" card from your Deck to your hand, except "Gouki Twistcobra". You can only use each effect of "Gouki Twistcobra" once per turn.

LIGHT 11

During the Main Phase, if your opponent Normal or Special Summoned 5 or more monsters this turn (Quick Effect): You can Tribute as many face-up monsters on the field as possible, and if you do, Special Summon this card from your hand, then Special Summon 1 "Primal Being Token" (Rock/LIGHT/Level 11/ATK ?/DEF ?) to your opponent's field. (This Token's ATK/DEF become the combined original ATK/DEF of the Tributed monsters.) You can only use this effect of "Nibiru, the Primal Being" once per turn.

FIRE 3

When a card or effect is activated that includes any of these effects (Quick Effect): You can discard this card; negate that effect. ● Add a card from the Deck to the hand. ● Special Summon from the Deck. ● Send a card from the Deck to the GY. You can only use this effect of "Ash Blossom & Joyous Spring" once per turn.

EARTH 4

You can reveal this card and 1 "Gouki" monster in your hand; Special Summon both monsters, but for each one, as long as it remains face-up in your Monster Zone, you cannot Special Summon, except "Gouki" monsters. If this card is sent from the field to the GY: You can add 1 "Gouki" card from your Deck to your hand, except "Gouki Machine Suprex". You can only use each effect of "Gouki Machine Suprex" once per turn.

Spell Quick

Target 1 monster in your opponent's GY; banish it, and if you do, until the end of the next turn, its effects are negated, as well as the activated effects and effects on the field of monsters with the same original name.

Spell Quick

Declare 1 card name; banish 1 of that declared card from your Main Deck, and if you do, negate its effects, as well as the activated effects and effects on the field of cards with the same original name, until the end of this turn. You can only activate 1 "Crossout Designator" per turn.

Spell Continuous

When this card is activated: You can Special Summon 1 Level 4 or lower EARTH monster (Warrior, Dinosaur, or Cyberse) from your hand in Defense Position. You can Tribute 1 Link-3 or higher "Gouki" monster; Special Summon 1 "Dinowrestler" or "G Golem" monster from your Deck or Extra Deck. You can only use this effect of "Gouki Gameface" once per turn. You can only activate 1 "Gouki Gameface" per turn.

Spell Normal

Target 2 "Gouki" monsters in your GY with different Levels; Special Summon them in Defense Position. You can only activate 1 "Gouki Re-Match" per turn.

Spell Normal

Add 1 Level 4 or lower Warrior monster from your Deck to your hand.

Spell Normal

If your opponent has activated a monster effect during your Main Phase this turn: Activate 1 of these effects; ● Draw 2 cards. ● Take control of 1 monster your opponent controls until the End Phase. ● Look at your opponent's hand, and choose 1 card from it to shuffle into the Deck. You can only activate 1 "Triple Tactics Talent" per turn.

Spell Normal

If your opponent has activated a monster effect during this turn: Set 1 Normal Spell/Trap directly from your Deck, except "Triple Tactics Thrust", or if your opponent controls a monster, you can add it to your hand instead. That Set card cannot be activated this turn. You can only activate 1 "Triple Tactics Thrust" per turn.

Trap Continuous

Special Summon this card as an Effect Monster (Fairy/LIGHT/Level 4/ATK 1800/DEF 1800). (This card is also still a Trap.) Once per turn, when your opponent would Special Summon a monster(s) while this card is in your Monster Zone: You can send to the GY, 1 Continuous Trap in your Monster Zone that was Special Summoned from the Spell & Trap Zone; negate the Summon, and if you do, destroy that monster(s). When this card in the Monster Zone is destroyed by battle: You can destroy the monster that destroyed this card.

Trap Normal

Target 1 face-up monster your opponent controls; negate its effects (until the end of this turn), then, if this card was Set before activation and is on the field at resolution, for the rest of this turn all other Spell/Trap effects in this column are negated. If you control no cards, you can activate this card from your hand.

EARTH 8

1 "Gouki" Link Monster + 1 Warrior, Dinosaur, or Cyberse monster If this card battles, your opponent cannot activate cards or effects until the end of the Damage Step. If this card is Fusion Summoned: You can target cards on the field up to the total Link Rating of "Gouki" monsters used as this card's material (if you used a Link-3 or higher monster, neither player can activate those targeted cards or their effects in response to this effect's activation); destroy them. You can only use this effect of "Gouki The Tyrant Ogre" once per turn.

DARK

2+ Effect Monsters Your opponent cannot activate cards or effects in response to this card's effect activations. If this card is Link Summoned: You can target 1 Link Monster that was used as material for its Link Summon; this card gains ATK equal to that monster's Link Rating x 1000. You can banish 1 Link Monster from your field or GY; destroy 1 card your opponent controls, also for the rest of this turn, you cannot banish monsters with that same Attribute to activate this effect of "Accesscode Talker".

LIGHT

2+ monsters Once while face-up on the field (Quick Effect): You can target monsters on the field and/or GY up to the number of monsters co-linked to this card; return them to the hand. If a monster this card points to is destroyed by battle or sent to the GY: You can Special Summon 1 Cyberse monster from your hand. You can only use each effect of "Firewall Dragon" once per turn.

WATER

2 Cyberse monsters You can target 1 EARTH Link Monster in your GY; Special Summon it to your zone this card points to, and if you do, place 1 GG Counter on this card. You can only use this effect of "G Golem Crystal Heart" once per turn. EARTH monsters co-linked to this card gain 600 ATK for each GG Counter on this card, can make a second attack during each Battle Phase, also if they attack a Defense Position monster, inflict piercing battle damage to your opponent.

EARTH

2 "Gouki" monsters Once per turn: You can target 1 "Gouki" card you control; destroy it, and if you do, change all monsters on the field to face-up Attack Position. If this card is sent from the field to the GY: You can make all "Gouki" monsters you currently control gain 500 ATK until the end of this turn. You can only use this effect of "Gouki Jet Ogre" once per turn.

EARTH

2 "Gouki" monsters If a "Gouki" monster(s) is added from the Deck to your hand, except by drawing it (except during the Damage Step): You can Special Summon any number of "Gouki" monsters with different Levels from your hand, but for each one, as long as it remains face-up in your Monster Zone, you cannot Special Summon, except "Gouki" monsters. During your Main Phase: You can Fusion Summon 1 "Gouki" Fusion Monster from your Extra Deck, using monsters from your hand or field. You can only use each effect of "Gouki Sheik Ogre" once per turn.

EARTH

2+ "Gouki" monsters Once per turn (Quick Effect): You can return to the hand any number of "Gouki" monsters you control that this card points to, then target the same number of face-up cards your opponent controls; they have their effects negated until the end of this turn. This card can attack all monsters your opponent controls, once each. If your opponent controls a face-up monster(s), this card can only target their monster with the highest ATK for attacks (your choice, if tied).

EARTH

2+ "Gouki" monsters If a monster(s) this card points to is destroyed by battle or card effect: You can make this card gain 400 ATK. The turn player applies the following effect while this monster is on the field. ● During their Main Phase, they can Normal Summon 1 monster from their hand to their zone this card points to, in addition to their Normal Summon/Set. (They can only gain this effect once per turn.)

DARK

2 non-Link Monsters During your opponent's Main Phase, you can (Quick Effect): Immediately after this effect resolves, Link Summon 1 Link Monster using materials you control, including this card. You can only use this effect of "I:P Masquerena" once per turn. A Link Monster that used this card as material cannot be destroyed by your opponent's card effects.

FIRE

2 monsters with different names If this card is Link Summoned: You can discard 1 card, then target 1 Spell/Trap your opponent controls; destroy it, then, if this card was co-linked when this effect was activated, you can draw 1 card. You can only use this effect of "Knightmare Phoenix" once per turn. Co-linked monsters you control cannot be destroyed by battle.

DARK

2 Effect Monsters If this card is Link Summoned using a Fusion, Synchro, Xyz, or Link Monster as material: You can target 1 card on the field or in either GY; banish it, also your monsters cannot attack directly this turn. When your opponent activates a card or effect (Quick Effect): You can target 2 face-up monsters on the field, including a monster you control; banish both until the End Phase. You can only use each effect of "S:P Little Knight" once per turn.

LIGHT

2 Effect Monsters If this card battles a monster, neither can be destroyed by that battle. You can only use each of the following effects of "Silhouhatte Rabbit" once per turn. If this card is Link Summoned: You can Set 1 Continuous Trap from your Deck with an effect that Special Summons itself as a monster, also this card cannot be used as Link Material this turn. If a card in the Spell & Trap Zone is Special Summoned to the Monster Zone (except during the Damage Step): You can target 1 Spell/Trap your opponent controls; destroy it.

EARTH 6

1 Tuner + 1+ non-Tuner monsters If this card is Synchro Summoned: You can add 1 "Gouki" Spell from your Deck to your hand. If this card is sent to the GY: You can target 1 EARTH monster you control; while you control that face-up monster, your opponent's monsters can only target it for attacks, also add 1 "Gouki" monster with less ATK than that monster from your GY to your hand. You can only use each effect of "Gouki Dragon Ogre" once per turn.

EARTH

2 Level 4 monsters Once per turn, during your Standby Phase, detach 1 material from this card. If you cannot, destroy it. This Attack Position card cannot be destroyed by your opponent's card effects. Your opponent cannot target this Attack Position card with card effects. While this card is in face-up Defense Position, change all face-up monsters on the field to Defense Position, also negate the activated effects of monsters that were in Defense Position when that effect was activated.